Certain breast cancers have a trait that could be attacked by new therapies

Mar. 27, 2013 ? More than 100 women per day die from breast cancer in the United States. The odds of developing breast cancer increase for women taking hormone replacement therapy to avoid the effects of menopause. New research by University of Missouri scientist Salman Hyder may lead to treatments for breast cancers associated with taking these synthetic hormones. Hyder, along with an international team, found that hormone-therapy-related breast cancer cells have a physical feature that could be attacked by cancer therapies.

"We identified a specific cell membrane protein that blocks cell death in breast cancer cells and allows these cells to grow in response to hormone replacement therapy," said Hyder. "Others have observed an over-abundance of these proteins in a population of breast cancer cells which may explain increased risk of breast cancer in women who consume hormone replacement therapy. Therapies could be developed that would block the activity of these cell membrane proteins, which would make cancer cells more likely to die. The membrane protein is known as PGRMC1."

The proteins identified by Hyder and his colleagues were affected by progestin, one of the hormones given to women to stave off the effects of menopause. Progestin is a synthetic chemical which mimics the hormone progesterone. In hormone replacement therapy, doctors prescribe progestin along with synthetic replicas of the hormone, estrogen.

"Every progestin type that we have tested has negative effects," said Hyder. "A growing body of evidence suggests women should be wary before taking progestin. However, if women take only synthetic estrogens, such as estradiol, it leads to a higher risk of uterine cancer. Hence, the two must be taken together, but even then they seem to still increase cancer risks in post-menopausal women."

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Missouri-Columbia.

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Journal Reference:

1. Hans Neubauer, Xiangyan Ruan, Helen Schneck, Harald Seeger, Michael A. Cahill, Yayun Liang, Benfor Mafuvadze, Salman M. Hyder, Tanja Fehm, Alfred O. Mueck. Overexpression of progesterone receptor membrane component 1. Menopause: The Journal of The North American Menopause Society, 2012; : 1 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3182755c97

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Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/SHkVesu6mas/130327163258.htm

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Sleep study reveals how the adolescent brain makes the transition to mature thinking

Mar. 18, 2013 ? A new study conducted by monitoring the brain waves of sleeping adolescents has found that remarkable changes occur in the brain as it prunes away neuronal connections and makes the major transition from childhood to adulthood.

"We've provided the first long-term, longitudinal description of developmental changes that take place in the brains of youngsters as they sleep," said Irwin Feinberg, professor emeritus of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and director of the UC Davis Sleep Laboratory. "Our outcome confirms that the brain goes through a remarkable amount of reorganization during puberty that is necessary for complex thinking."

The research, published in the February 15 issue of American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, also confirms that electroencephalogram, or EEG, is a powerful tool for tracking brain changes during different phases of life, and that it could potentially be used to help diagnose age-related mental illnesses. It is the final component in a three-part series of studies carried out over 10 years and involving more than 3,500 all-night EEG recordings. The data provide an overall picture of the brain's electrical behavior during the first two decades of life.

Feinberg explained that scientists have generally assumed that a vast number of synapses are needed early in life to recover from injury and adapt to changing environments. These multiple connections, however, impair the efficient problem solving and logical thinking required later in life. His study is the first to show how this shift can be detected by measuring the brain's electrical activity in the same children over the course of time.

Two earlier studies by Feinberg and his colleagues showed that EEG fluctuations during the deepest (delta or slow wave) phase of sleep, when the brain is most recuperative, consistently declined for 9- to 18-year-olds. The most rapid decline occurred between the ages of 12 and 16-1/2. This led the team to conclude that the streamlining of brain activity -- or "neuronal pruning" -- required for adult cognition occurs together with the timing of reproductive maturity.

Questions remained, though, about electrical activity patterns in the brains of younger children.

For the current study, Feinberg and his research team monitored 28 healthy, sleeping children between the ages of 6 and 10 for two nights every six months. The new findings show that synaptic density in the cerebral cortex reaches its peak at age 8 and then begins a slow decline. The recent findings also confirm that the period of greatest and most accelerated decline occurs between the ages of 12 and 16-1/2 years, at which point the drop markedly slows.

"Discovering that such extensive neuronal remodeling occurs within this 4-1/2 year timeframe during late adolescence and the early teen years confirms our view that the sleep EEG indexes a crucial aspect of the timing of brain development," said Feinberg.

The latest study also confirms that EEG sleep analysis is a powerful approach for evaluating adolescent brain maturation, according to Feinberg. Besides being a relatively simple, accessible technology for measuring the brain's electrical activity, it is more accurate than more cumbersome and expensive options.

"Structural MRI, for instance, has not been able to identify the adolescent accelerations and decelerations that are easily and reliably captured by sleep EEG," said Feinberg. "We hope our data can aid the search for the unknown genetic and hormonal biomarkers that drive those fluctuations. Our data also provide a baseline for seeking errors in brain development that signify the onset of diseases such as schizophrenia, which typically first become apparent during adolescence. Once these underlying processes have been identified, it may become possible to influence adolescent brain changes in ways that promote normal development and correct emerging abnormalities."

Feinberg's study, which was funded by the U.S. Public Health Service (grant R01MH062521), was co-authored by Ian Campbell, a project scientist with the UC Davis Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of California - Davis Health System.

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Journal Reference:

1. I. Feinberg, I. G. Campbell. Longitudinal sleep EEG trajectories indicate complex patterns of adolescent brain maturation. AJP: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 2012; 304 (4): R296 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00422.2012

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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/9nmgCjKwbxw/130319102757.htm

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Comet to make close flyby of Red Planet in October 2014

Mar. 6, 2013 ? Comet 2013 A1 (Siding Spring) will make a very close approach to Mars in October 2014.

The latest trajectory of comet 2013 A1 (Siding Spring) generated by the Near-Earth Object Program Office at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., indicates the comet will pass within 186,000 miles (300,000 kilometers) of Mars and there is a strong possibility that it might pass much closer. The NEO Program Office's current estimate based on observations through March 1, 2013, has it passing about 31,000 miles (50,000 kilometers) from the Red Planet's surface. That distance is about two-and-a-half times that of the orbit of outermost moon, Deimos.

Scientists generated the trajectory for comet Siding Spring based on the data obtained by observations since October 2012. Further refinement to its orbit is expected as more observational data is obtained. At present, Mars lies within the range of possible paths for the comet and the possibility of an impact cannot be excluded. However, since the impact probability is currently less than one in 600, future observations are expected to provide data that will completely rule out a Mars impact.

During the close Mars approach the comet will likely achieve a total visual magnitude of zero or brighter, as seen from Mars-based assets. From Earth, the comet is not expected to reach naked eye brightness, but it may become bright enough (about magnitude 8) that it could be viewed from the southern hemisphere in mid-September 2014, using binoculars, or small telescopes.

Scientists at the Near-Earth Object Program Office estimate that comet Siding Spring has been on a more than a million-year journey, arriving from our solar system's distant Oort cloud. The comet could be complete with the volatile gases that short period comets often lack due to their frequent returns to the sun's neighborhood.

Rob McNaught discovered comet 2013 A1 Siding Spring on Jan. 3, 2013, at Siding Spring Observatory in Australia. A study of germane archival observations has unearthed more images of the comet, extending the observation interval back to Oct. 4, 2012.

NASA detects, tracks and characterizes asteroids and comets passing close to Earth using both ground- and space-based telescopes. The Near-Earth Object Observations Program, commonly called "Spaceguard," discovers these objects, characterizes a subset of them, and plots their orbits to determine if any could be potentially hazardous to our planet.

JPL manages the Near-Earth Object Program Office for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. JPL is a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

More information about asteroids and near-Earth objects is at: http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroidwatch . More information about asteroid radar research is at: http://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/ . More information about the Deep Space Network is at: http://deepspace.jpl.nasa.gov/dsn .

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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/YpoDSsuoLz8/130306131421.htm

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Diplomats: US, China agree on NKorea sanctions

UNITED NATIONS (AP) ? The United States and China have reached agreement on a new draft sanctions resolution to punish North Korea for its latest nuclear test, U.N. diplomats said late Monday.

The U.N. Security Council announced late Monday evening that it will hold closed consultations on North Korea and non-proliferation at 11 a.m. (1600 GMT) Tuesday. The diplomats, speaking on condition of anonymity because no official announcement has been made, said the United States is expected to circulate a draft resolution to the full council at the meeting. Council members are then expected to send the draft to their capitals for review.

All 15 council members approved a press statement condemning Pyongyang's nuclear test and pledging further action hours after North Korea carried out its third atomic blast on Feb. 12.

The swift and unanimous response from the U.N.'s most powerful body set the stage for a fourth round of sanctions against Pyongyang.

For the last three weeks, the United States, a close ally of South Korea and Japan, has been negotiating the text of a new resolution with China, North Korea's closest ally.

Russian U.N. Ambassador Vitaly Churkin, whose country holds the council presidency this month, told a news conference Monday that a resolution on North Korea might be approved in March though the text had not yet been circulated.

In Seoul, a Foreign Ministry spokesman said Tuesday that "considerable progress" has been made in the Security Council on how to punish North Korea for its latest nuclear test. However, spokesman Cho Tai-young told reporters he couldn't disclose any details of the draft resolution because no final agreement has been reached.

Last month's statement from the Security Council called the underground test in February a "grave violation" of three U.N. resolutions that ban North Korea from conducting nuclear or missile tests.

North Korea's three nuclear tests ? in 2006, 2009 and 2013 ? occurred after Pyongyang was condemned by the United Nations for rocket launches.

The Security Council imposed sanctions after the first two nuclear tests and after the North's rocket launch in December, which was viewed as part of the country's covert program to develop ballistic missiles that can carry nuclear warheads.

The sanctions are aimed at trying to derail the country's rogue nuclear weapons and ballistic missile programs. They bar North Korea from testing or using nuclear or ballistic missile technology, and from importing or exporting material for these programs.

The latest sanctions resolution, adopted in January, again demanded that North Korea abandon its nuclear weapons program and cease missile launches. It slapped sanctions on North Korean companies and government agencies, including its space agency and several individuals.

The diplomats said they did not know what new sanctions would be included in the resolution to be circulated Tuesday.

There has been speculation that a new resolution will strengthen existing sanctions related to North Korea's nuclear and missile programs, toughen financial restrictions and cargo inspections, and add additional companies and individuals to the sanctions list.

Any fresh international sanctions are certain to infuriate North Korea, which has claimed the right to build nuclear weapons to deter alleged U.S. aggression.

After its successful Feb. 12 atomic test, the North's Foreign Ministry said the test was aimed at coping with what it called U.S. nuclear threats and warned that the country would take unspecified "second and third measures of greater intensity" if Washington maintains its hostility.

Pyongyang has blamed Washington for leading efforts to impose the toughened U.N. sanctions for December's rocket launch that it says was only aimed at sending a satellite into space.

North Korea and the U.S. are still technically at war because the 1950-53 Korean War ended with an armistice, not a peace treaty. The U.S. deploys about 28,500 troops in South Korea to protect its ally. Pyongyang has long accused Washington and Seoul of plotting to invade the country, though the allies have repeatedly said they have no intentions of attacking the North.

The North's latest nuclear test was seen as a crucial step toward its goal of building a bomb small enough to be fitted on a missile capable of striking the United States. Many outside analysts still believe the North hasn't achieved such a miniaturization technology.

____

Associated Press writer Hyung-jin Kim in Seoul contributed to this report.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/diplomats-us-china-agree-nkorea-sanctions-033616946.html

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Report: Google Targeting Amazon Prime With 'Shopping Express'

Google is gearing up to launch a new shopping service similar to Amazon Prime, according to a new report.

The service, dubbed "Google Shopping Express," will offer same-day delivery on purchases made online from a number of major retailers, TechCrunch reported on Tuesday, citing unnamed sources. The service will reportedly cost about $10 to $15 less than Amazon Prime, which would put it at roughly $64 to $69 per year.

In a statement to PCMag, a Google spokesperson said the company does not have any news to share about the reported service.

"We are always working to build a delightful shopping experience for users, in close partnership with retailers, and to empower businesses of all sizes to compete effectively," the spokesperson said in an email. "We will continue to work toward providing technology, tools and traffic to help power the retail ecosystem but have nothing to announce at this time."

Target, Walmart, Walgreens, and Safeway were mentioned in the report as possible retail partners for the effort, though TechCrunch said its sources did not go into specifics. Google is believed to already be testing the service internally with its own employees.

Meanwhile, Amazon Prime, which is free for a month and $79 a year after the trial period, also provides instant streaming from a growing library of about 25,000 movies and TV shows, and a monthly Kindle e-book rental.

Amazon has been busy as of late beefing up its Prime Instant Video catalog, recently inking deals to add a slew of CBS classics like Star Trek, Viacom shows from MTV and Comedy Central, and A+E hits like Pawn Stars and Storage Wars.

Source: http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2416249,00.asp?kc=PCRSS05079TX1K0000993

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How does a debt management program work?

A perfect debt management program will work on the basis of overall strategy for financial well being and then working step by step towards achieving the goals. People in debts are in a hurry to get out of all their debts and achieve financial freedom. Professional counselors advice that debts were not created overnight by an individual so you can?t get rid of that all of a sudden. It takes time and a lot of patience to be debt free. After all, there are consequences to overspending, and there are many ways to reconsolidate after an initial debt consolidation audit has been done.

Be aware that if you are taking a debt consolidation loan for a period of 20 ? 30 years, you will be paying a lot on interests over the period of time. The representative who is offering you the debt advice will find out different ways for you to get the financial freedom. You are the person who best knows about your finance and understand the implications for your long term budget. You don?t want to mess up your future and run into asset shortage when it is the time for you to plan your retirement or paying for your children?s college education.

Debt management is the process where your present financial situation is analyzed after considering your income and expenses, your credit history is reviewed thoroughly. The person offering you the debt advice will see your future earning potential so that you are able to continue the program, developing different ways to resolve disputes or lender obligations, and budget your finance properly so that you don?t fall into debts again. Debt management program has surprisingly bloomed in the last ten years because American have fallen into massive credit card and home equity debts.

When you are shopping for a reputed debt management company, it?s important that you find someone who is backed up by accredited institutions, such as major banks, the better business bureau and dedicated trade organizations. Any company having no complaints with the law enforcement agencies should be your first pick. You can also contact your local attorney general?s office to find about any company in your area and their debt management programs offered to consumers.

A very good debt advice is to thoroughly review the program offered by the debt management company before you put your money. You should be aware of their fee structure and there should be nothing hidden in the contract signed up with them. It never hurts to get the program reviewed by an attorney and ensure that the tax consequences work in your favor. Savvy debt consolidation planning can boost your credit rating and you will be able to take care of many financial burdens in your life.

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